he who believes in me, though he die, yet shall he live, and whoever lives and believes in me shall never die.
Do you believe this?”
Gospel of John 11:25-26 RSV
The Son of God Who rose from the dead after being sacrificed on a cross for those who believe until His coming again, authoritively ANSWERED the timeless questions of mortal men, women and curious children of WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE DIE?
Many men have pondered this relative relationship between the timeless Creator of all things with mortal men made in his image.
Before Christ
Job 3:
of the grave
“There the wicked cease from raging, And there the weary of strength are at rest. “The prisoners are at ease together; They do not hear the voice of the taskmaster. “The small and the great are there, And the slave is free from his master.
“Why is light given to him who is troubled, And life to the bitter of soul, Who long for death, but there is none, And dig for it more than for hidden treasures, Who are glad with joy, And rejoice when they find the grave?
“But regarding the resurrection of the dead, have you not read that which was spoken to you by God, saying, ‘I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob?’ He is not the God of the dead but of the living.” (Matt 22:31-32 NAS)
“And inasmuch as it is appointed for men to die once and after this comes judgment, so Christ also, having been offered once to bear the sins of many, shall appear a second time for salvation without reference to sin, to those who eagerly await Him.” (Heb 9:27-28 NAS)
The body dies — returns to the dust from which God created mankind. And the soul — not just the breath of life,brain or your lifeless heart where blood flows no more — your soul and mine will return to its place in the light of THE LORD or judged — separated from Christ and God — to the place of darkness and punishment.
The Apostle Paul, whose Scriptures anchor the Apostles’ Creed, explains resurrection more thoroughly in his first epistle to the Saints in Corinth:
But if it is preached that Christ has been raised from the dead, how can some of you say that there is no resurrection of the dead?
If there is no resurrection of the dead, then not even Christ has been raised. And if Christ has not been raised, our preaching is useless and so is your faith… If only for this life we have hope in Christ, we are of all people most to be pitied.
The Apostle addresses issues of unbelief in the Church, as well as growing heresies about Jesus Christ, His body and His Spirit.
But Christ has indeed been raised from the dead, the firstfruits of those who have fallen asleep…
For as in Adam all die, so in Christ all will be made alive...
The body that is sown is perishable, it is raised imperishable;
it is sown in dishonor, it is raised in glory;
it is sown in weakness, it is raised in power;
it is sown a natural body, it is raised a spiritual body…
Listen, I tell you a mystery: We will not all sleep, but we will all be changed— in a flash, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet. For the trumpet will sound, the dead will be raised imperishable, and we will be changed.
Then quoting and answering the Prophets Isaiah and Hosea, Paul writes:
“Death has been swallowed up in victory.”
“Where, O death, is your victory?
Where, O death, is your sting?”
1 Corinthians 15 excerpts continued
But thanks be to God! He gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
Then I saw an angel coming down from heaven, having the key of the abyss and a great chain in his hand…
Then I saw thrones, and they sat on them, and judgment was given to them.
And I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of their witness of Jesus and because of the word of God..
And they came to life and reigned with Christ for a thousand years.
The rest of the dead did not come to life until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection.
Blessed and holy is the one who has a part in the first resurrection. Over these the second death has no authority, but they will be priests of God and of Christ and will reign with Him for a thousand years.
.. And the devil who deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and brimstone, where the beast and the false prophet are also, and they will be tormented day and night forever and ever.
Then I saw the dead, the great and the small, standing before the throne, and books were opened…
Then death and Hades were thrown into the lake of fire. This is the second death, the lake of fire.
And if anyone’s name was not found written in the book of life, he was thrown into the lake of fire.
“Truly, truly, I say to you, he who believes has eternal life. “I am the bread of life.
I recommend that you read 1 Cor 16 here [in the link above], since I will not detail much of this closing chapter (into which of course Paul's letters were not divided) in this brief synopsis.
Paul closes his epistle to the Corinthian saints first by asking for their charity to help the struggling and persecuted church in Jerusalem. (Their regimen should be like what the Apostle set in place for the Galatian churches.
Part of the collection of gifts and delivery of other epistles (letters) always depends upon who may be available at the time.
Paul is not in person, which is why he writes, and neither is Apollos.
The Apostle closes his letter with several detailed instructions, explanations of where and why they travel with the Gospel, and specific mention of several individuals (to whom we will get after looking back at Paul’s entire epistle to the Corinthians).
Basically, this is his personal closing like any of us would end a personal letter to loved ones.
Corrective Behavior – Guided by Love
Now these three remain: faith, hope, and love [agapē] — but the greatest of these is love.
John MacArthur introduces Paul’s first letter to the Corinthians:
Although the major thrust of this epistle is corrective of behavior rather than of doctrine, Paul gives seminal teaching on many doctrines that directly relate to the matters of sin and righteousness.
In one way or another, wrong living always stems from wrong belief.
Paul’s great dilemma in ‘fathering’ the Corinthians was to correct some of these disobedient children in the faith with the love Christ commands for each of us who claim Jesus as Lord.
The Wisdom of Mature Love in Christ
What do you want? Should I come to you with a rod, or in love and a spirit of gentleness?
1 Corinthians 4:21 CSB
Now about food sacrificed to idols: We know that “we all have knowledge.” Knowledge puffs up, but love builds up...
But if anyone loves God, he is known by him.
1 Corinthians 8:1,3 CSB
Speaking of human wisdom, Paul compares it by saying that ‘knowledge makes arrogant’ [KJV] gnōsisphysioō;
The opening and closing of Paul’s epistle both appeal to the individual love [agapē] of the Corinthians the Apostle knew and loved so well.
He contrasted the morals and behaviors of those who challenged their faith in Christ Jesus to the childish ways of the wisdom of the world worshipping SELF — even with the crowds in Corinth’s temples of worship of myths and wisdom of the logic of mythological man-created gods and goddesses.
Paul loved the Corinthian saints as Christ has loved us.
The Apostle closes his epistle with these important points:
Plans and communication are important for and effective gospel ministry.
Personal relationships and communication are important for and effective gospel ministry.
In closing, let's look at what the Apostle writes to the leaders and saints of Corinth — and to the pastors and Sunday sheep of our Common Era christian flocks.
After all, when you write to someone you love, don't you want to leave them with a final thought about you and what you write to them?
Final Exhortation
16:13
γρηγορέω – Be alert
“Therefore be alert, because you don’t know either the day or the hour.[in which the Son of Man is coming.]
Let anyone who has no love for the Lord be accursed.
Don't get to hung up on the specific words — or English parts of speech.
The seriousness of the Apostle’s line-in-the-sand for Christians cannot be missed.
The term “curse” translates from the Greek “anathema,” meaning something devoted to destruction.
In the Jewish context, it referred to things set apart for God, often through destruction, as seen in Joshua 6:17 with the fall of Jericho.
Paul uses strong language to stress the seriousness of rejecting Christ,
aligning with Galatians 1:8-9, where he condemns any gospel contrary to the one he preached. This reflects the early church’s struggle against false teachings and the necessity of maintaining doctrinal purity.
Paul , in a first letter to the Corinthians, addresses the logic (Promethean though it be to some skeptics of the Gospel), and presents a body of evidence about the resurrection body.
Resurrection is Certain
The Apostle begins with Christ’s resurrection. Then Paul argues (logically to these wisdom-seeking Achaeans) to the nature of death and resurrection of the dead in general. The Apostle’s closing arguments of this logic-based epistle calls the question of the nature of our resurrection body.
A LOGICAL ARGUMENT — a COURT CASE — a testimony, a closing argument. Call the Apostle’s defense of the Gospel GOOD NEWS of the resurrection of the body what you will.
Paul concludes his letter with an authoritative approach to separating the heretical hopes of life and death (as our end) from the foundational NEW Testament of the glory of the resurrection and ascension of Christ Jesus as the first-fruits of our GOOD NEWS!
Remember, Paul writes to defend Christ, who he has seen!
And now the Apostle takes the stand opposing the prosecutorial case of the Promethean philosophers accusing the saints of Corinth of worshiping a 'dead Jesus.'
Otherwise, what do people mean by being baptized on behalf of the dead?
If the dead are not raised at all, why are people baptized on their behalf?
Rhetorical, certainly; but Paul may have been responding to an actual case and question presented to him by the leadership of the Corinthian church.
WHY REPENT, for Christ’s sake— if our Savior is now dead?
(Baptism, of course, is a public witness that you have permanently changed your lifestyle – fruit of your beliefs — having given up your former sins in order to follow the living Lord, Christ Jesus of the Cross.)
Paul then testifies(as I included previously) that he had been willing to die in Ephesus (which, of course, most the the Corinthians would have already heard the Apostle proclaim in person).
His prosecution of those who doubt the resurrection is direct:
Do not be deceived: “Bad company corrupts good morals.”
ARE SOME in Corinth deceiving the saints who have heard and proclaimed Paul’s Gospel?
No doubt.
And the Apostle gently reminds the faithful of how they remain ignorant concerning the gospel, after which he will answer some questions of their ignorance.
Come to your senses [lit. sober up] and stop sinning; for some people are ignorant about God.
I say this to your shame.
1 Corinthians 15:34
The Nature of the Resurrection Body
The example of Christ
Christ died.
After three days Christ rises from the grave.
He appears for forty days to many, (as Paul has already witnessed) with a resurrection body
DIFFERENT from His incarnate body;
DIFFERENT than simply a spirit;
and actually different in appearance to several witnesses — JESUS had a resurrection body
and THEN ASCENDS into the clouds of HEAVEN!
Will OUR resurrection body be like HIS?
Paul assures those in Corinth who receive such questions
(as if WE must explain HOW God does such things).
But someone will ask,
“How are the dead raised?
What kind of body will they have when they come? ”
'Would you rather be dead?' I might quickly reply to the Promethean prosecutor with the cunning to take CHRIST out of my personal witness.
Paul responds:
You fool! What you sow does not come to life unless it dies.
And as for what you sow — you are not sowing the body that will be, but only a seed, perhaps of wheat or another grain. But God gives it a body as he wants, and to each of the seeds its own body.
1 Corinthians 15:37-38 CSB
A Perishable Body and our Resurrection Body
For not all flesh is the same, but there is one kind for humans,
another for animals,
another for birds,
and another for fish.
There are heavenly bodies
and earthly bodies,
but the glory of the heavenly is of one kind,
and the glory of the earthly is of another.
1 Corinthians 15:(39),40 ESV
Paul points to the sun and moon and stars all being different in nature, as well as distinct from each other.
What is sown is perishable
THEN the Apostle compares DEATH to the seed planted —
It is sown in dishonor;
It is sown in weakness;
It is sown a natural body;
ζῳοποιέω – zōopoieō
it is raised in glory.
it is raised in power.
it is raised a spiritual body.
Then Paul proceeds logically from mortal death to the spiritual body, with a comparison of ADAM (the first man) to CHRIST (the first fruits from death).
If there is a natural body, there is also a spiritual body.
So it is written, The first man Adam became a living being; the last Adam became a life-giving spirit.
The Apostle refers to JESUS as ‘the last adam,’ in Greek: eschatos — a superlative for the last or extreme [adam] — Ἀδάμ.
THEN the Spirit adds through Paul:
πνεῦμα ζῳοποιοῦν –
[became] a life-giving spirit.
CHRIST [the quintessential adam in the image of GOD — born, buried and risen in a resurrection body — ζῳοποιέω – zōopoieō [quicken (9x), give life (2x), make alive (1x)] pneuma [spirit].
Christ + the LIFE-GIVING SPIRIT
Paul THEN compares the adam from the dust of the earth to the second adam from heaven — HE IS the very perfect incarnate IMAGE of God the Father — Creator and Authority over all creation and creatures.
And as we have borne the image of the earthy, let us also bear the image of the heavenly.
ἰδού, a demonstrative particle (in Greek writings from Sophocles down)
Beloved saint of Christ, you have heard this before — hundreds of times in the preaching of the Gospel. And the apostle to the gentiles uses it here — ‘idou‘ or in English, behold.
Behold, G2400 a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us.
Gospel of Matthew 1:23 KJV
And, behold, G2400 one came and said unto him, Good Master, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life?
Gospel of Matthew 19:16 KJV
And, behold, G2400 there was a great earthquake: for the angel of the Lord descended from heaven, and came and rolled back the stone from the door, and sat upon it.
Gospel of Matthew 28:2 KJV
And as they went to tell his disciples, behold, G2400 Jesus met them, saying, All hail. And they came and held him by the feet, and worshipped him.
Gospel of Matthew 28:9 –
And Jesus came and spake unto them, saying, All power is given unto me in heaven and in earth.
(‘lo’ and ‘behold’ are the same Greek word drawing forth our attention)
(Beloved saint, you know the rest — and Paul reminds of our hope in the Gospel and of our commission by Christ.)
mystērion
Flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God, nor can corruption inherit incorruption. Listen, I am telling you a mystery:
We will not all fall asleep, but we will all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet.
1 Corinthians 15:50b-52a
Don’t we want that? CHANGED immediately? SLEEPERS AWAKE!
For the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised incorruptible, and we will be changed.
For this corruptible body must be clothed with incorruptibility, and this mortal body must be clothed with immortality.
When this corruptible body is clothed with incorruptibility, and this mortal body is clothed with immortality, then the saying that is written will take place:
Paul quotes the Prophet Isaiah
He will swallow up death in victory; and the Lord GOD will wipe away tears from off all faces; and the rebuke of his people shall he take away from off all the earth: for the LORD hath spoken it.
O death, where is thy sting? O grave, where is thy victory?
1 Corinthians 15:55 KJV
a Closing Call for Repentance
Surely Paul's letter will be received by all the saints of Corinth with thanksgiving and a renewed faith in the resurrection body because of Christ.
The sting of death is sin; and the strength of sin is the law.
But thanks be to God, which giveth us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ.
1 Corinthians 15:56-57 KJV
And the Apostle's plea to all saints in every time and each temporal place:
So then, dear brothers and sisters,
be firm.
Do not be moved!
Always be outstanding in the work of the Lord, knowing that your labor is not in vain in the Lord.
1 Corinthians 15:58 New English Translation
P.S.
As is his custom, Paul will close his epistle with some personal greetings and instructions [Chapter 16]
Comment on Scripture – Share the Gospel
God-willing, perhaps you and I should add our own personal applications of the Apostle’s great instructions to the church concerning issues of the resurrection body, death, resurrection, ascension and time of the last judgment and eternal life.
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