Tag: paul

  • The Keeper of the Philippian Prison

    The Keeper of the Philippian Prison

    What is your experience as the keeper of something important?

    Have you ever been the one of importance kept safe in some place?

    (Were YOU ever the prisoner OR a jailer guard charged as the keeper a prisoner for justice?)

    Prison and Prisoners

    IF the only light you ever see seeped filtered though a hole in the ceiling of your cell WOULD YOU SING?

    (Likely, neither would I.)

    Roman prisons were nothing to sing about, but that didn’t stop Paul and Silas.

    S.O.P. – Prisons of Roman Cities & Colonies

    Imprisonment was not a sentence under Roman statutory law.. Incarceration (publica custodia) .. was intended to be a temporary measure prior to trial or execution; abuses of this principle occurred but were officially censured. Located near the law courts, the [prison (carcer) with a dungeon (oubliette)] was used as a jail or holding cell for short periods before executions and as a site for executions.

    Source: Wikipedia Commons

    Of course this Philippian carcer of the Roman colony is bound by the same same rules for jailer and prisoner alike according to Roman Law and the SOP manual of its occupying Legions of this Greek-speaking European colony of Macedonia.

    φυλακή – Strong’s translates G5438 in the following manner: prison (36x), watch (6x), imprisonment (2x), hold (1x), cage (1x), ward (1x).

    Paul and Silas end up in the ‘temporary’ place near the agora and forum where they have already been punished severely by flogging under the jurisdiction of a Roman Magistrate for unspecified crimes against culture and misdemeanors for which they will most likely be run out of town rather than executed.

    Therefore, this evening they have been placed into the care of a prison keeper (jailer) in Philippi for final disposition of their case in the morning.


    Previously:

    ACTS 16: 22 The crowd joined in attacking them, and the magistrates tore the garments off them and gave orders to beat them with rods.

    .. they threw them into prison, ordering the jailer to keep them safely. Having received this order, he put them into the inner prison and fastened their feet in the stocks.

    Who is this Philippian keeper of prisoners for Magistrates of the Court?

    φυλάσσω –

    Strong’s G5442 – phylassō, Probably from φυλή (G5443) through the idea of isolation

    NOTE, however the same responsibility of the Roman 'keeper' of prisoners AND the jailer's two Roman prisoners, apostles sent out with the message of the Jerusalem Council to communicate interpretation of the LAW for these Gentiles as well as the few Jews of Philippi. 

    to guard

    • to watch, keep watch
    • to guard or watch, have an eye upon: lest he escape
    • to guard a person (or thing) that he may remain safe
    • to guard i.e. care for, take care not to violate
      • to observe
    • to observe for one’s self something to escape
      • to avoid, shun flee from
      • to guard for one’s self (i.e. for one’s safety’s sake) so as not to violate, i.e. to keep, observe (the precepts of the Mosaic law

    Source: BlueLetterBible.org

    And as they went through the cities, they delivered them the decrees for to keep, that were ordained of the apostles and elders which were at Jerusalem.

    ACTS of the Apostles 16:4 KJV – Mission of Paul, Silas and Timothy

    Scenario of a night in the Jail of Philippi

    A guard of the second watch [9 pm] comes on duty and shouts down to you in the hole and other prisoners in cells near you, “Lights out!” He then extinguishes the candle above expecting all to go to sleep.

    Unlike the other prisoners YOU and your brother have been locked in here with wooden stocks bound to your ankles and chained to the floor of your cell.

    What now?

    We prayed for a while. Out loud. In fact, we recited much scripture as we prayed. Other prisoners complained to us, but after no intervention from the keeper assigned to this second watch they had no choice but to sleep (or just ignore us).

    A little later we hear sounds through the darkness of the third watch [midnight-3 am] keeper coming on duty.

    Silas starts singing and Paul joins his voice to the familiar Psalm:

    Acts of Awesome Faith

    As we continue with the Acts of Paul, Silas and Timothy in Philippi put yourself in their place — an uncertain and unpleasant prison of the moment. Hear the cries of each soul cast into the trembling darkness — the fear of God resounding in each heart.

    What Psalm? (For they knew so many from faithful worship.) 
    
    YOU may find other PSALMS on TalkofJESUS.com which will encourage you in such dark circumstances: https://talkofjesus.com/shaken/ 
    
    Perhaps this: The LORD is My Salvation from Psalm 27:13 OR

    Psalm 142 – You Are My Refuge

    A Maskil of David, when he was in the cave. A Prayer.

    With my voice I cry out to the LORD;
    with my voice I plead for mercy to the LORD.
    I pour out my complaint before him;
    I tell my trouble before him.
    
    When my spirit faints within me,
    you know my way!
    In the path where I walk
    they have hidden a trap for me.
    Look to the right and see:
    there is none who takes notice of me;
    no refuge remains to me;
    no one cares for my soul.
    
    I cry to you, O LORD;
    I say, “You are my refuge,
    my portion in the land of the living.”
    Attend to my cry,
    for I am brought very low!
    Deliver me from my persecutors,
    for they are too strong for me!
    Bring me out of prison,
    that I may give thanks to your name!
    The righteous will surround me,
    for you will deal bountifully with me.
    

    Suppose that you are another prisoner listening to the apostles sing..

    And then, something happens!

    Acts of Paulos and Silas

    δικαίωμα Παῦλος δέ Σιλᾶς

    Acts of the Apostles Missions trips of Paul, Barnabas, Silas and several others

    About midnight Paul and Silas were praying and singing hymns to God, and the prisoners were listening to them, and suddenly there was a great earthquake, so that the foundations of the prison were shaken.

    And immediately all the doors were opened, and everyone’s bonds were unfastened.

    When the jailer woke and saw that the prison doors were open, he drew his sword and was about to kill himself, supposing that the prisoners had escaped. But Paul cried with a loud voice,

    “Do not harm yourself, for we are all here.”

    29 And [he] called for lights and rushed in, and trembling with fear he fell down before Paul and Silas.


    “Even if I am to be poured out as a drink offering upon the sacrificial offering of your faith, I am glad and rejoice with you all,” Paul will write a decade later to the church in Philippi from a prison in Rome.

    Then he brought them out and said, “Sirs, what must I do to be saved?
    And they said, “Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved, you and your household.”

    ACTS of the apostles 16:30-31 ESV – Keeper of the Philippian jail to Paul & Silas, followed by the apostles’ answer.

    Acts of the Apostles 16 – To Be Continued in the light of a new day in Philippi


  • A cultural clash at the Agora in Roman Philippi

    A cultural clash at the Agora in Roman Philippi

    a Roman Government of Greek Culture

    The Roman-built forum in Philippi with its bustling traditional Greek agora resembled the forum in Rome (cover-photo remains of the Roman forum pillars shows some of the grandeur of these most-public areas of the Empires greatest cities.

    Archaeological Site of Philippi: General view of the forum with adjacent agora marketplace
    Archaeological Site of Philippi: General view of the forum

    Similar-sized pillars in the foreground of the Philippi Forum and agora (to the R) in this aerial view of the archaeological ruins at Philippi gives us a glimpse at the size and importance of this Macedonian City-State namesake of the father of Alexander the Great – a second Rome at the head of the Aegean.


    roman forum
    Roman Forum

    Agora

    Romans call it the public square, others the marketplace — Greeks called it the agora.

    From their own ancient traditions people worshiped there, bought and sold goods, conducted most public aspects of government over the governed and frequently gathered at the agora for general celebrations of social life preceding both religious and private parties.

    Everybody’s there for business seven days a week. The agora was where the paths of the powerful crossed publically with every-day classes of the city-state and also slaves employed to the gain of all.

    The Hellenist agora suited Rome as a place where Roman citizens could mingle with their colonists in Macedonia or any other defeated foe. Roman government was conducted formally from an adjacent forum and pavement for and gathering of citizens, people or slaves before the Prefect.

    You may not agree with my overview of the agora condensing some 500 years back to ancient Greece up to the era of Rome’s first century dominance of all of Europe, but as always check my sources for more details. More later.


    Philippi was ROME in western Macedonia.

    Antioch - Crossroads of Christianity and map of 1sr c. AD Roman Empire
    .. and the disciples were first called Christians in Antioch. Acts of the Apostles 11:25b NASB

    We began an introduction to Philippi last time which partially answered what Alexander the Great has to do with a second missionary journey of the apostle Paulos and Luke’s account of the ACTS of this 1st c. A.D. Roman citizen in a city of Greece.

    a few additional thoughts that may change your mind about the significance of Philippi
    • Greece is NOT a country
    • City-States of ancient Macedon & Greece were separate from each other
    • Democracy gave way to Empire
    • Philippi was named for Emperor Alexander’s father
    • Alexander died in the same Susa of Persia and Babylon where the Jews had been taken previously
    • Augustus Caesar (mentioned in Luke’s Gospel) is the same Octavian who had defeated Brutus and Cassius in the Battle of Philippi
    • Roman roads connected the land all across Eurasia
    • Philippi as a port between Rome and Alexandria was strategically important SO..

    Rome had rebuilt Philippi as a ROMAN city.

    Think of Philippi as a 1st c. New YORK City to Roman colonies of a ‘new world’ similar to expansion seventeen centuries later when a current Roman conquest to the west Britannia would rule the seas.

    Enter Paul and Silas apostles sent into all the world from a gateway Roman city of Philippi.


    Acts of Paul and Silas

    “These men are servants of the Most High God, who proclaim to you the way of salvation.”

    v. 17b – a slave girl who had a spirit of divination

    “I command you in the name of Jesus Christ to come out of her.”

    v. 18b – Paul, to the spirit in her

    And it came out that very hour.


    We don’t know how many more days have passed in Philippi, but Luke records that the young slave girl no longer has any demonic power to profit her owners. And of course these influential men want justice against any men who have impeded their profit by evil means.

    19 But when her owners saw that their hope of gain was gone, they seized Paul and Silas and dragged them into the marketplace before the rulers.

    More about Philippi’s Forum & Agora

    We need to see the Philippi of A.D. 50 as Roman citizens and Hellenist merchants of this important city would have viewed this scene of commerce interrupted by these out-of-towners.

    forum adjacent to agora of Philippi ruins
    ruins of Forum in Philippi adjacent to agora

    agora, in ancient Greek cities, an open space that served as a meeting ground for various activities of the citizens.

    Agora – source Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “agora”. Encyclopedia Britannica, 15 Dec. 2017, https://www.britannica.com/topic/agora. Accessed 13 March 2023.

    • surrounded by public buildings and by temples. Colonnades, sometimes containing shops, or stoae, often enclosed the space, and statues, altars, trees, and fountains adorned it.
    • the agora influenced the development of the Roman forum and was, in turn, influenced by it. The forum, however, was conceived in a more rigid manner than the agora and became a specific, regular, open area surrounded by planned architecture.
    • meetings devoted to ostracism were still held in the agora, where the main tribunal remained.
    • A distinction was maintained between commercial and ceremonial agoras
    • Men accused of murder and other crimes were forbidden to enter it before their trials. Free men went there not only to transact business and to act as jurors but also to talk and idle

    Democracy of the Marketplace

    20 And when they had brought them to the magistrates, they said,

    “These men are Jews, and they are disturbing our city. 21 They advocate customs that are not lawful for us as Romans to accept or practice.” 

    22 The crowd joined in attacking them,

    and the magistrates tore the garments off them and gave orders to beat them with rods.

    23 And when they had inflicted many blows upon them, they threw them into prison, ordering the jailer to keep them safely.

    24 Having received this order, he put them into the inner prison and fastened their feet in the stocks.


    ACTS of Paul and Silas — To Be Continued…

  • Second Missionary Journey – Acts 16

    Second Missionary Journey – Acts 16

    ACTS 16 Paul came also to Derbe and to Lystra. 


    (A quick glance at the Google Earth MAP cover for Paul’s Second Missionary Journey will reveal merely the start of this 2nd mission.)

    Start new

    The apostles’ intention was to return to churches of their first missionary journey but plans have changed. Paul’s journey must start on new roads into all the world without Barnabas.


    Have you ever had to start new journeys to places where you thought you knew the way?

    AND somehow your GPS great planning systems to travel back to where you have been before sends you in a completely different direction?

    THAT’S what happened to Barnabas and Paul.

    BUT there is a connection between these two missionary journeys we may have missed.

    (really all 3 mission trips of the Apostle Paul)

    Acts 15 – Connecting 2 Missionary Journeys

    In fact, the Holy Spirit had other plans for their new start to familiar as well as new and unfamiliar places.


    AD 49 – THE JERUSALEM COUNCIL

    ACTS 15:36 And after some days Paul said to Barnabas,
    “Let us return and visit the brothers in every city where we proclaimed the word of the Lord, and see how they are.”

    Our conflicting Christian maps of what WE THE CHURCH plan to do in our MISSIONS to preach the Gospel to all of the world often blur a higher view from the perfect perspective of Holy Spirit of God plans.

    The heart of man plans his way,
    but the LORD establishes his steps.

    Proverbs 16:9 ESV

    Acts of the Apostles Paul and Barnabas sent by the Holy Spirit on a mission to the gentiles
    The Holy Spirit had sent our Paul and Barnabas from Antioch Syria to the gentiles

    Barnabas and Paul then planned to deliver a letter to all the followers of Jesus Christ — Jews and Gentiles — an important encouragement from their recent Council in Jerusalem with the Apostles and leading members of the Antioch Church in Syria.

    YET LATER..

    .. they separated from each other.

    Barnabas took Mark with him and sailed away to Cyprus, but Paul chose Silas and departed..

    ACTS 15:39b-40a ESV

    Acts 15:39-40 Barnabas and Mark depart for Cypress while Paul will journey with Silas to Derby

    Two apostles of the Church separated?

    YES.

    Their second separate journeys to deliver encouragement of the Council in Jerusalem to distant new churches with Jews and Gentiles joined in the worship of the risen Lord Jesus Christ DID NOT go as THEY had planned.

    YET NOW,

    the apostles’ missions will include two more apostles sent forth [*] by the Holy Spirit: MARK with Barnabas and SILAS with Paul.


    40 but Paul chose Silas and departed, having been commended [*] by the brothers to the grace of the Lord. 41 And he went through Syria and Cilicia, strengthening the churches.

    Lystra, Derbe and Iconium in the Taurus mountains.

    Paul wanted to return to encourage new believers in these towns with the Council’s letter and instructions on his second missionary journey initially planned with Barnabas.

    Joseph of Cypress, his fellow apostle with the Gospel of Jesus Christ, had parted ways to encourage his fellow Cyprians. Their previous new start together occurred after a brotherly disagreement between Saul of Tarsus and Barnabas.

    That dispute also involved their assistant John Mark son of Mary, who remained at the foot of the Cross during Jesus’ crucifixion. They had also welcomed Peter into their home after the Apostles miraculous escape from Herod’s prison in Jerusalem.


    Before Paul’s 10 year Missionary Journey

    • + AD 30 – Jesus’ Crucifixion (Mark’s mother at the foot of the Cross
      • Jesus’ RESURRECTION! 3 days later
      • Pentecost with the Holy Spirit giving believers a new start in an eternal life and sending out hundreds of witnesses of Jesus’ resurrection into all the world.
    • AD 32 – Stephen martyred in Jerusalem with Saul of Tarsus as witness, who then is sent out by the Jews to terrorize Christ followers.
    • ~ AD 37 Jesus appears to Saul on a road in Syria and he witnesses the risen Lord!
      • After his return from Arabia Saul will start a new preaching of the Gospel
        • in Damascus (Syria),
        • Jerusalem,
        • Caesarea (Herodian port of Rome in Samaria near Galilee, all part of Roman Syria
        • and Saul’s home of Tarsus, a port city of Roman Cilicia.
        • Then this new start:
          • on ‘3 missionary journeys’
            • after about ten years of proven faith
            • Saul is now also known as Paul

    Paul’s nearly continuous MISSIONARY JOURNEY of 10 years

    AD 47-57

    SOON our outlined divisions of CHAPTERS & VERSES of Acts will navigate a new course — a journey so different from our mortal TIME that Christians often miss months and years in the blink of an eye between verses.

    In this brief section of ACTS of the APOSTLES we call:

    ‘The Second Missionary Journey of Paul,’

    the ‘apostle to the gentileswill join with many other apostles sent out into all the world of their first century with the Gospel of Jesus Christ.

    ALL will be sent out by the Holy Spirit whose plans may differ from our own.


    NEXT, God-willing, we will meet some of these new companions of the Apostle to the Gentiles as Paul continues his ‘2nd missionary journey’ …